两河口：土家盐道古村的再生｜研究生国际四校联合研学
两河口：土家盐道古村的再生——研究生国际四校联合研学
International Joint Studio Teaching
Lianghekou: Regeneration of an Ancient Tujia Village along the Salt Road
东南大学
Southeast University
华中科技大学
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
威尼斯建筑大学
Università Iuav di Venezia
重庆大学
Chongqing University
指导教师：
东南大学：张彤、王川
华中科技大学：李保峰、汤诗旷
威尼斯建筑大学：Aldo Aymonino, Enrico Fontanari, Giuseppe Caldarola, Margherita Turvani
重庆大学：褚冬竹、宫聪
2019年4月28日，在恩施土家族、苗族自治州与宣恩县的支持下，受东南大学教育基金会与雅伦格文化艺术基金会资助，“两河口：土家盐道古村的再生”研究生国际四校联合研学营在沙道沟镇彭家寨正式开营。张彤教授与王川老师带领11名研究生，与来自华中科技大学、威尼斯建筑大学、重庆大学等高校组成近50人的国际师生团队。在未来的六周内，来自建筑、规划、景观、环艺等多专业的中外学生将以自己的专业所学贡献当地，探讨衰败凋敝的盐道古村如何在即将到来的旅游业发展中获得再生契机，同时避免即时性和浅表性的消费对当地仍具生命力的文化遗产可能产生的磨蚀。
With the support of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and Xuan'en County, funded by the education foundation of Southeast University and EMGdotART foundation, the international joint studio teaching, ”Lianghekou: Regeneration of an Ancient Tujia Village along the Salt Road” officially opened in Pengjia Village, Shadaogou Town on April 28, 2019. Led by Prof. Zhang Tong and Dr. Wang Chuan from School of Architecture, Southeast University, 11 graduate students joined a team of nearly 50 students and tutors from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Università Iuav di Venezia and Chongqing University. In the next six weeks, Chinese and foreign students from various majors including architecture, urban planning, landscape architecture and environmental design will contribute to the local community with their professional knowledge. They will explore how the declining ancient villages along the Salt Road can be regenerated in the upcoming tourism development, while avoiding the erosion of the vibrant local cultural heritage caused by instant and superficial consumerism.
国际四校联合研学营在彭家寨正式开营
The Four Universities International Joint Studio officially opened in Pengjia Village
教学背景 BACKGROUND
本次研学营所聚焦的两河口村，位于湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州宣恩县，是明清时期“川盐济楚”盐道沿线的商贸村镇。百米古街保存完好，典型反映了鄂西土家族苗族吊脚楼建筑的建构特征和商贸市村的聚落形态。由于人口流失，商贸凋敝，曾经兴盛的古村陷于衰败。
Lianghekou Village, located in Xuanen County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province, was a commercial village along the ancient Salt Road during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The one-hundred-meter street, which typically embodies the tectonic characteristics of Tujia and Miao stilt house and the settlement pattern of commercial villages, has been well preserved. As a result of population loss and commercial decline, the once thriving ancient village is suffering from the decay.
寂寥的盐道古街——湖北恩施宣恩县两河口村
Ancient street along The Salt Road suffering from the decay: Lianghekou Village, Xuan'en County, Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province
两河口村所在的沙道沟镇目前正在迎来发展的契机。以国保遗产彭家寨为代表的土家族村寨正在吸引世界的目光。2019年高速公路的通达将为这条沉寂的盐道山谷带来大量客流。如何在迅猛的旅游业发展中，避免浅表性的消费，保存和发展国家级文化遗产的价值内核，使得沉睡的古村得到再生，这不仅是本次联合教学的主题，也是包括威尼斯在内的人类文化遗产共同面临的挑战。
At present, Shadaogou Town, where the heritage villages such as Pengjiazhai and Lianghekou are located, is embracing the opportunity of the development of mass tourism. Tujia villages represented by the national heritage of Pengjiazhai is attracting the attention from the out world. The opening of the highway in 2019 will bring numerous visitors to this hidden the Salt Road valley. How to avoid superficial consumption and preserve the authentic values and identities of the national cultural heritage in the predictable mass boom of tourism, so as to regenerate the declined ancient villages, is not only the topic of this joint teaching studio, but also the common challenge faced by human cultural heritages worldwide, including the city of Venice.
等待唤醒的村庄——湖北恩施宣恩县两河口村
The village waiting for awakening: Lianghekou Village, Xuan'en County, Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province
教学目的 OBJECTIVES
1. 证明与展现面对日益脆弱和凋敝败的文化遗产，建筑学自身具有的力量和承担的责任；
To demonstrate the power of architecture as forces of responsiveness and advocacy in the face of increasingly fragile and vulnerable cultural patrimony.
2. 在建筑学框架内寻求一种学科韧性，既能利用旅游经济带来的发展契机，同时保存和延续历史遗产的真实价值与文化认同。
To challenge students to address an architectural resilience that supports the economic advantages of tourism, while celebrating the authentic values and cultural identities of historical legacies.
第一周·田野调查
THE FIRST WEEK FIELDWORK
42名学生被平均分为6组，每组7名学生来自不同学校。
每组的调研工作分为两个部分。一是详细测绘两河口村盐道古街及其两侧建筑，进行建筑类型的调查和研究，调研包括但不限于空间，结构，外立面，材料和建造技术。此外，每个小组需选择以下六个层面中的一个进行系统调研：
1.两河口村整体调研，包括新旧区域，地形和基础设施系统
2.从人类学，民族学，历史和经济学角度研究土家族
3.两河口村所在山区谷地的气候与地理条件、自然系统与资源
4.两河口村所在山区谷地的地域文化特征
5.土家吊脚楼及土家聚落的建构体系与建筑技术
6.恩施州和宣恩县的总体规划以及沿山谷区域的基础设施与社区服务系统
The 42 students from four universities will be divide into 6 mix groups, each of 7 students from different schools.
Each group will be given two tasks. One is a section of the linear village consisting of both sides of the street. Students are required to do the survey and research of the building typology consisting of but not limited to space, structure, façade, material and building techniques. Besides, each group should select one of the following six overlays to do systematic research:
1. The master plan of the whole Lianghekou village including the old and new, the topography and the infrastructure system.
2. The research of Tujia nation from the views of anthropology, ethnology, history and economics.
3. The climate and geographic conditions, the natural system and resources along the valley.
4. The local cultural identities along the valley.
5. The archi-tectonic system and building techniques of Tujia stilt house and settlement.
6. The comprehensive planning of Enshi Prefecture and Xuanen County of the recent years as well as the systems of infrastructure and community service along the valley.
两河口村所在山区谷地
The valley where Lianghekou village is located
两河口村线性的百米老街
The linear village of Lianghekou along the one-hundred-meter street
调研工作同时具有文献性与设计性。除了全面记录场地与所在区域的真实状况外，还需对老街的未来发展做出思考，并据此为深入调研提供指向。
It is intended that the research work be both documentary and projective. As well as recording the actual conditions on the site, students should also think about other possibilities that might be appropriate for the coming change of the area, and accordingly provide guidance for in-depth investigation.
老师们讲解调研工作任务
Tutors are explaining the requirements and assignments of the first week fieldworks
调研过程与部分成果
PROCESS AND RESULTS
六个小组依照自己的任务，在一周时间内进行针对性调研与分析。一方面着重进行老街的基础性测绘，从空间结构、比例尺度、材料技术等多角度进行全面而详细的信息收集与整理；另一方面通过文献查阅、实地走访等方式对所选择的专题展开研究。
According to their own tasks, six groups conduct targeted research and analysis within one week. On the one hand, students focus on the basic surveying and mapping of the old street, collecting information from various overlays such as space, structure, scale, material and technology; On the other hand, they do some research to respond to their topics by literature review and field visits.
中外学生进行老街基础测绘
Basic surveying and mapping on old street by chinese and foreign students
教师现场指导
Tutors guide Investigation on site
意大利学生体验传统工艺
Italian students experience the traditional craft
宣恩县图书馆查阅文献
Gathering documents in the library of Xuan’en county
小组讨论与合作
Group discussion and cooperation
每晚研讨会交流各组工作进展
Seminars every night to communicate working progress of each group
街道测绘手稿（第1组）
Hand drawings of street measurement (Group 1)
平面测绘手稿（第2组）
Hand drawing of plan (Group 2)
建构系统测绘手稿——空间、节点、细部（第5组）
Hand drawing of tectonic system including space, joints and details (Group 5)
5月4日上午，调研成果答辩在两河小学举行。各组同学以手绘、速写、图解、照片、视频、笔记等多种方式对测绘成果与专题研究进行综合展示，并讨论了初步的设计思考，以应对老街未来发展的可能性。
The research presentations were held in Lianghe primary school on the morning of May 4. Each group make a comprehensive display of the various surveying and mapping achievements and research topics in multiple ways, such as drawings, sketches, diagrams, photography, video, written notes and so on. Some of them also proposed preliminary design concepts to cope with the possibility of future development on the historical streets.
答辩展示
Presentation of the Investigation
教师点评
Comments of Tutors
部分测绘与设计成果
Part of Surveying and Design Achievements
目前，国际四校联合设计教学的前期调研工作已圆满结束，共同成果将为各校的设计教学提供依据。6月14日，联合教学的最终成果将在威尼斯建筑大学进行展示和答辩。
At present, the first week fieldwork of the International Joint Studiohas been successfully completed. The materials and achievements of the workshop will be shared to every school as a basis for further design work. The final achievements will be presented scheduled on June 14 at IUAV in Italy.
